Diabetes Mellitus has become a global problem worldwide. It is estimated that there are 382 million people with diabetes worldwide. China has now become the new diabetes capital of the world with 98 million people with diabetes and India is in second place with 65 million people with diabetes. Type 2 diabetes constitutes 95% of all types of diabetes seen in most parts of the world, while other types like type 1 diabetes, gestational diabetes and secondary form of diabetes are less common. A lot of advances are taking place in the therapy of type 2 diabetes. In this issue of the “World Clinics of Diabetology”, some of the recent advances in the therapy of type 2 diabetes are presented by authors who are well known experts in the field.