The revised edition of our unique book to continue to promote self-learning through a totally case-based format. The section on management dilemmas has been revised with additional useful concepts and practice points at the end of various cases. The basic format remains the same—common clinical scenarios are described, the reader is invited to initially exercise his/her choice of management option, and then go on to read the pros and cons of the ideal, acceptable, and unacceptable options. We continue with the three other sections in the book. The first section reemphasizes the power of clinical analysis (amply exemplified in the first book—Lessons from the Grand Rounds) and demonstrates how subtle features in the history can be vital to reaching a correct diagnosis. The section on recurrent symptoms reinforces the approach to such problems through clinical cases that touch a chord with the reader.