Genes are the building blocks of life and genetics touches every aspect of health and disease. After the Human Genome Project, a lot has been discovered about our genetic make-up and its significance. There are hundreds of genetic conditions that can affect every system, organ, tissue, and cell in the human body and added to it is the effect of multiple genetic variants and their interaction with the environment. Considering this, genetics is too large a topic to be covered. However, this FOGSI Focus is a humble attempt to simplify genetics and make it user friendly to our FOGSlans to apply this in their clinical practice. The Focus covers all essential aspects of genetics in Obstetrics and Gynecology, starting from history taking, pedigree charting and basics of inheritance, both Mendelian and non-Mendelian. Our genetic make-up increases or decreases our risk of certain diseases, and the presence of any pathogenic variant does not guarantee presence of disease or lack of it. The very important aspect of genetic counseling based on family history of diseases or hemoglobinopathies, abnormal screening or ultrasound features and the importance of selecting, ordering, and understanding genetic tests is very well dealt with. Finally, aspects of genetics in subfertility, recurrent pregnancy losses, inherited cancers and the wide world of pre-implantation genetic diagnosis and gene therapy will give you a picture of how far science is advancing especially in the field of genetics. We are sure this FOCUS will help you seek information on the common aspects of genetics, and we hope you will come away with more confidence incorporating the principle of genetics in your general or specialty practice.