Advances in neonatal care have significantly improved survival rates and outcomes for premature and critically sick neonates. Among the cornerstones of this progress is the evolution of neonatal ventilation, which has become a life-saving intervention for countless neonates. Despite its widespread use, neonatal ventilation remains a complex and rapidly evolving field, requiring clinicians to possess a thorough understanding of physiology, technologies, and challenges to optimize care. This book has been created to serve as a comprehensive resource for neonatologists, pediatricians, and nursing colleagues engaged in caring of neonates requiring respiratory support. It aims to bridge the gap between foundational knowledge and clinical application, offering insights into the physiology of neonatal respiration, the intricacies of various basic and advanced ventilatory modalities, and the latest innovations in the field.