The book addresses the divide between hyperglycemia and diabetes, newer glycemic concepts of “time in range”, molecular mechanisms behind insulin resistance, and an elegant outline of antidiabetes therapies designed to improve the pathophysiology of diabetes. Furthermore, it discusses biomarkers beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) that may help improve cardiovascular outcomes and the huge unmet need despite valiant efforts to reduce LDL-C, modern therapeutic options to reduce LDL, elegant therapeutic approaches to address hypertension with and without diabetic kidney disease, optimal renin-angiotensin system blockade, and evaluation of patients with asymptomatic heart failure and coronary artery disease. It discusses the controversies of optimal renal assessment with difficulties in risk categorization, various rheumatic and immune dysfunctions with special reference to the COVID-19 pandemic, cancer association with diabetes and optimal screening methods, relationship of various diets with glycemic and metabolic control, diabetes in young, diabetes management in special situations such as kidney disease, liver disease and Ramadan, and finally risk factor management in diabetes with special reference to exercise and modern day antidiabetic therapeutics.